Stomatitis in Children — Causes, Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention

What is stomatitis and why is it common in children

Stomatitis is an inflammatory disease of the oral mucosa that can manifest as a white coating, painful ulcers, or blisters filled with pus. In children, the condition is particularly frequent due to the immaturity of their immune system, increased vulnerability of the mucosa to trauma, and active contact with external microorganisms. According to the National Center for Biotechnology Information, up to 37% of preschool children in Europe experience aphthous or herpetic stomatitis at least once in their life. In Russia, estimates by the Dental Association of Russia show that the prevalence of inflammatory diseases of the mucosa in children reaches 45%, with peak incidence between ages 2–5.

Causes of stomatitis

Bacterial and viral infections

Most often, stomatitis in children is caused by bacterial flora associated with caries, gingivitis, or microtrauma. The herpetic form is triggered by herpes simplex virus, which is easily transmitted through household contact.

Mechanical injuries of the mucosa

Hard toothbrushes, cheek or tongue biting, sharp fillings, or orthodontic appliances may damage the mucosa and create entry points for infection.

Allergic reactions and systemic factors

Certain foods, medications, and dental materials can provoke mucosal reactions. In addition, deficiencies of vitamins B, C, and D, gastrointestinal diseases, and weakened immunity increase the risk of stomatitis.

Clinical presentation and forms

The symptoms of stomatitis vary by form. Catarrhal stomatitis presents with redness, swelling, and coating. Aphthous stomatitis is characterized by painful ulcers with a whitish-gray coating and red border. Herpetic stomatitis causes blisters filled with serous or purulent content, which later rupture into erosions. In some cases, fever and malaise may accompany the condition.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis is usually based on clinical presentation, and if necessary confirmed with laboratory tests (smears, PCR diagnostics, drug sensitivity testing). It is important to differentiate stomatitis from diphtheria, candidiasis, and traumatic mucosal lesions.

Principles of treatment in children

Local therapy

The main goals are to reduce inflammation, accelerate healing, and prevent secondary infection. Antiseptic rinses (chlorhexidine, miramistin, chamomile or sage decoctions), as well as anesthetic and healing gels or ointments are commonly used.

Systemic therapy

For herpetic stomatitis, antiviral drugs are prescribed; for bacterial forms, local or systemic antibiotics may be indicated. Vitamin complexes are recommended to strengthen immunity.

Correction of oral hygiene habits

Children should use a soft toothbrush, learn the correct brushing technique, and avoid traumatic factors.

Prevention of stomatitis

Regular oral hygiene, timely caries treatment, immune support, balanced nutrition, and preventive visits to a pediatric dentist every six months significantly reduce risks. According to the European Federation of Periodontology, preventive professional cleaning and fluoride treatments in children lower the risk of mucosal inflammation by 25–30%.

Stomatitis and the child’s general health

Chronic or recurrent stomatitis may be linked with immunodeficiencies, gastrointestinal diseases, endocrine disorders, or allergies. For repeated episodes, a comprehensive medical evaluation is necessary.

Treatment of stomatitis at Diplomat Med Center

At Diplomat Med Center we provide comprehensive treatment of stomatitis in children using safe and modern methods. Our specialists perform accurate diagnostics, prescribe medication adapted to the child’s age and sensitivity, and use laser or ultrasonic therapy to accelerate healing. We also train children and parents in proper oral hygiene to reduce recurrence.

In addition to treating stomatitis, we offer caries prevention and treatment, bite correction, dental therapy, and professional cleaning. This comprehensive approach ensures not only the elimination of disease but also the strengthening of the child’s oral health.

Book an appointment at Diplomat Med Center today — we will help your child overcome stomatitis and restore comfort and health to their smile.